Our Stolen Future: Important recent studies on endocrine disruption

a book by Theo Colborn, Dianne Dumanoski, and John Peterson Myers

	Shortcuts to recent important studies Header links go to introductory essays about related issues. identifies studies newly added to www.OurStolenFuture.org
	Corruption of science by vested interests Famous cancer epidemiologist took industry money for 30 yrs Failed industry science on bisphenol A Chromium industry hides adverse lung cancer results Industry coalition distorts science on bisphenol A Industry bias in studies of bisphenol A Flawed industry science on atrazine and frogs Chemical industry collusion with tobacco effort to undermine use of epidemiology Tobacco links corrupt scientific results Cancer Early DDT exposure linked to breast cancer later in life Bisphenol A interferes with treatment for prostate cancer Bisphenol A causes breast cancer in rats Bisphenol A increases sensitivity to carcinogen that causes breast cancer Epigenetic inheritance of adult chronic diseases, including tumors Bisphenol A tied to prostate cancer in rats Bisphenol A alters mammary gland development in mice Genotype increases breast cancer risk associated with PCBs Testicular cancer linked to environmental exposures early in life Are current declines in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma rates tied to chemical bans in the '70s? Mother's organochlorine contamination linked to son's testicular cancer Cancer and EDCs: are we asking the wrong question in human studies? Miscalculation revealed: we are not winning the war on cancer after all Bisphenol A stimulates proliferation of prostate cancer cells Seveso, Italy: breast cancer risk rises with dioxin exposure Childhood leukemia linked to household pesticides A 2001 review of breast cancer epidemiology Soy phytoestrogen causes uterine cancer, like diethylstilbestrol (DES) Low-level arsenic interferes with glucocorticoid's role in tumor suppression PCBs interact synergistically with virus to elevate risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Dieldrin associated with increased risk of breast cancer Dieldrin linked to higher mortality rates in breast cancer victims
	Behavior and intelligence Low doses of BPA alter sexual dimorphism in brain structure and behavior in mice Low doses of bisphenol A alter maternal behavior in mice A single low exposure to PBDE in the womb causes ADHD in pubertal rats Brain development patterns different for autistic children, starting in the womb High PBDE levels in California and Indiana 10-fold higher rate of autism in Atlanta found by CDC study Evidence builds that soaring autism rate in California is not an artifact ADHD associated with smaller brain size in children Dioxin and PCBs alter sex-specific behavior in children Dioxin at extremely low levels reduces motivation in rats Low level carbaryl disrupts frog behavior Brominated flame retardant disrupts "brain growth spurt" in mice Polybrominated flame retardants are powerful thyroid disrupters Nonylphenol alters dopamine uptake in hypothalamic cells in nonmontonic fashion Brominated flame retardants act as developmental neurotoxicants in mice
	Endometriosis Strong links apparent in animal studies of dioxin and endometriosis Immune and endocrine disorders much more likely in women with endometriosis
	Sperm count and other testicular maladies Phthalate linked to reduced sperm quality in men Phthalate levels linked to genital abnormalities in boys A single low exposure to PBDE in the womb reduces adult sperm count Dramatic link between sperm quality and pesticide exposure in mid-west men Phthalate levels linked to deterioration in semen quality PCB congener levels linked to deterioration in semen quality Phthalate exposure associated with DNA damage in men's sperm Big geographic differences in sperm quality among US men Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: linking testicular cancer, hypospadias, cryptorchidism and lower sperm quality to a common origin Are sperm maladies contributing to fertility declines? Cryptorchidism linked to estrogenic organochlorine exposure Genetic basis of endocrine disruption leading to cryptorchidism Expanded data set corroborates broad-based decline in sperm count Dramatically low levels of sperm count prevalent in young Danish men. This study is the best attempt at a representative sample of a population yet obtained in studies of human sperm count. PCBs exposure in the womb leads to lower sperm quality
	Reproduction and fertility New CDC data confirm ubiquitous exposure to bisphenol A Neonatal BPA exposure causes uterine abnormalities in middle-aged mice, like DES BPA scrambles the chromosomes of grandchildren in mice Testosterone is declining in Massachusetts men Epigenetic inheritance of adult chronic diseases, including testicular dysfunction Bisphenol A linked to recurrent miscarriage in people Bisphenol A alters mammary gland development in mice Low dose effects on prostate development confirmed and extended Several xenoestrogens stimulate prolactin secretion at extremely low levels Risks of infertility higher in women using herbicides and fungicides Phthalate linked to preterm birth Research links herbicides used on wheat to birth defects in the Great Plains DDT in mother's serum linked to more difficulty for daughter to become pregnant, 30 yrs later Plastic compound causes chromosomal error that in people leads to miscarriage, Down Syndrome Common lawn herbicide mixture causes fetal loss in mice at very low exposure level Frog reproductive development is disrupted by extremely low levels of atrazine. DDT linked to preterm birth. May have caused 15% of infant mortality in US during the 1960s. A compilation of impacts of contamination on the timing of puberty in animals Pregnant women living within a few miles of fields where agricultural pesticides are used are at increased risk of losing their fetus DES daughters are more likely to have bad pregnancy outcomes, including increased rates of spontaneous abortion Eating contaminated fish impairs conception in women living around the Great Lakes Polybrominated biphenyls in utero associated with early menstruation
	Immune system Phthalate tied to asthma in human study Phthalate increases allergic reaction in mice at low exposure levels Epigenetic inheritance of adult chronic diseases, including immune dysfunction Pesticide mixture suppresses tadpole immune system, causes infection Do phthalates cause asthma via endocrine disruption? Immune system impacts of dioxin linger for decades Low-level arsenic interferes with glucocorticoid and may undermine immune system function Children with higher (but still low) background exposure to PCBs suffer increased rates of childhood diseases PCBs interact synergistically with virus to elevate risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
	Wildlife and ecosystem Pesticide mixture suppresses tadpole immune system, causes infection Low doses of nonylphenol have profoundly adverse effects on oysters Atrazine induces gonadal abnormalities in wild frogs at very low levels Pesticides render frog immune system less able to resist deformity-causing parasite Frog malformities linked to parasites in American west Frog reproductive development is disrupted by extremely low levels of atrazine. Nitrogen fixation of plants disrupted by EDCs Salamander behavior disrupted by low level endosulfan Frog behavior disturbed by low level carbaryl Widespread feminization of wild Chinook salmon in the Columbia River Orca (killer whales) in British Columbia, Canada, heavily contaminated with PCBs Endocrine disruption by nonylphenol interferes with osmoregulatory change in Atlantic Salmon, contributing to their endangerment. Salmon transport persistent bioaccumulative contaminants up-river during their migrations A single dose of DDT during development causes complete sex reversal in medaka, a species of fish. Chromosomal males become fertile females.
	Low dose effects New CDC data confirm ubiquitous exposure to bisphenol A Scientists warn policymakers about adverse effects of bisphenol A Does the 'dose make the poison?' BPA scrambles the chromosomes of grandchildren in mice DEHP alters a brain enzyme important to male masculinization DEHP heightens allergic response in mice in non-monotonic fashion at low doses Bisphenol A increases sensitivity to carcinogen that causes breast cancer Bisphenol A tied to prostate cancer in rats Pesticide mixture suppresses tadpole immune system, causes infection Industry science on low doses effects of bisphenol A profoundly flawed Low doses of Bisphenol A cause insulin resistance in mice Scientists challenge irresponsible use of hormesis to loosen health standards Extremely low doses of Bisphenol A alters mammary gland development in mice Low dose effects on prostate development confirmed and extended Low doses of BPA alter sexual dimorphism in brain structure and behavior in mice Low doses of bisphenol A alter maternal behavior in mice Several xenoestrogens are as powerful as estradiol via cell membrane receptor Cadmium provokes estrogenic responses at extremely low levels of exposure Bisphenol A equipotent with estradiol in activating key gene transcription factor at <1ppb Analysis concludes high level testing cannot be used to detect low level effects Atrazine induces gonadal abnormalities in wild frogs at very low levels Common lawn herbicide mixture causes fetal loss in mice at very low exposure level Bisphenol A at nanomolar levels stimulates prostate cancer cell proliferation Frog reproductive development is disrupted by extremely low levels of atrazine Extremely low level dioxin undermines rat behavior Controversial low-dose impacts of bisphenol A on prostate confirmed independently Lab experiments find low level DDT and HCH exposure cause adverse effects in mice DDE and HCH found in amniotic fluid of 1/3rd of Los Angeles women measured Strains of mice differ dramatically in their genetic susceptibility to endocrine disruptors. One of the most widely used strains in tox testing is surprisingly insensitive, and thus inappropriate to use in establishing health risks.
	Results important for regulatory science Scientists warn poiicymakers about adverse effects of bisphenol A With a non-monotonic dose-response curve, DEHP alters a brain enzyme important to male masculinization at environmental levels DEHP heightens allergic response in mice in non-monotonic fashion at low doses Epigenetic inheritance of adult chronic diseases across multiple generations Pesticide mixture suppresses tadpole immune system, causes infection Analysis concludes high level testing cannot be used to detect low level effectsLab contamination from polycarbonate plastic likely to have misled research Atrazine induces gonadal abnormalities in wild frogs at very low levels
	Mixtures of chemicals Pesticide mixture suppresses tadpole immune system, causes infection Common lawn herbicide mixture causes fetal loss in mice at very low exposure levelWeak xenoestrogens combine to have strong effects Even weak xenoestrogens can have additive effects in the presence of 17ß-estradiol Nitrate interacts with pesticides to produce unpredictable results in mice at levels often found in US drinking supplies, including increases in aggression. Strong synergy detected between PCBs and dioxin PCBs interact synergistically with virus to elevate risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
	Ubiquity of exposure New CDC data confirm ubiquitous exposure to bisphenol A Scientists warn policymakers about adverse effects of bisphenol A Bisphenol A ubiquitous in Americans Teflon-related chemicals found in people on 5 continents High levels of polybrominated flame retardants in American mothers and fetuses Nonylphenols ubiquitous in consumer food Brominated flame retardants common in sewage sludge used on farmland Phthalate exposure widespread in American public PCB exposure in remote Arctic is up to 70x higher than in areas closer to source of contaminant. POPs carried by transpacific winds to the west coast of North America Dioxin in Canadian arctic linked to specific sources to the south

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